Sunday, 1 April 2018

Paper No :13 Tale of two Indias in The white tiger



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Name: Mehta Kavita Dineshbhai.
Course: M.A English
Semester: 4
Batch: 2016 – 2018
Roll No: 10
Enrollment No: 2069108420170020
Submitted to: SMT S.B Gardi.
                       Department of English, MKBhav Uni
Email id: kavitamehta164@gmail.com
Paper no:13 The New Literature.
Topic: The white Tiger: A Tale of two Indias.




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Introduction About the novel:

                   The white Tiger, the Booker prize winning novel 2008 by Aravind Adiga, has generated tremendous response both in literary and academic circles. Critics have been equally lavish in praising the book as they have been in condemning it. Hailed as extraordinary and brilliant, thrilling, and insightful, witty and unpretentious, the novel is considered as one of the most powerful books published in the recent years. The present book offers varied interpretations of the novel by eminent Indian critics and is a welcome addition to the fast growing corpus of Indian English fiction.
                   The White Tiger is a tale of two Indias. This novel is framed as a narrative letter, Balram Halwai, whose unique, sarcastic voice carries the reader through his life in “new India.”This novel divided in to eight chapters.
                 The first night
      The second night
           The fourth morning
      The forth night
        The fifth night
      The sixth morning
        The sixth night
      The seventh night.

The White Tiger: A tale of Two Indias.
            Aravind won the man booker prize 2008 for his novel the white tiger which is darkly humorous novel about a man’s journey from Indian village life to entrepreurial success. Aravind won the man booker prize 2008 for his novel the white tiger it is Adiga fifth novel at such an early age, which deals with the present day India.

               The book is a tale of two Indias: the India of Darkness, an India of utter poverty, associated with the fictitious village of Laxmangarh in the Gaya district. The River Ganga, the ‘black river’, as the book puts it, dominates the landscape of this India where water buffaloes are treated better than humans, schools don’t have any chairs and open air sewage flows through the middle of the streets. The second India is the India of Light, the emerging India with its call centers and booming technology companies, associated with Bangalore.
               Much of the irony and criticism in the book is dependent on and at the expense of the narrator and the book’s narrative style. Told in first person by Balram Halwai, as we come to know him for most of the story, the book takes the form of seven letters telling the narrator’s life story, addressed to the Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, who is to make a visit to India from his ‘Freedom Loving Nation of China’ in order to understand the phenomenon of entrepreneurship. Adiga wields acid, sarcastic humor like a weapon in order to make his point on the nature of Indian society.

                     Being its focalizing agent, the character of Balram is intrinsically important to the novel. He is a traumatized character having lost both father and mother to poverty and to Mother Ganga’s black mud. Balram is most definitely an unreliable narrator as his account of his life is told in retrospective and, therefore, tinted by hindsight. He is a character of dichotomies: he is a free thinker but at the same time superstitious; intelligent but uneducated; rich but with poor taste; an endearing character but ultimately a psychopath. Like the white tiger, with which he is associated, he is a creature of black and white, light and darkness.
                 We learn that Balram did not have a name until he was named by his school teacher. He was simply called Munna, which means boy. His teacher, Krishna, then names him Balram, a god known as being the sidekick of the god Krishna, effectively making him a servant. He later gains another name, white tiger, from which the title of the book stems from, and which is given to him by a government official visiting his school, who deems him to be the smartest child in the village. This name effectively alienates him from the other poor people and also alludes to the predatory beast he eventually becomes. His final name, the name he goes under after becoming an entrepreneur, is that of his late master, who he murdered himself, Ashok. Thus in The White Tiger a person’s very identity is dependant of his position in society.
                 Balram had a dream to become a driver and he could fulfill his dream only by getting employment. He earned money, learned driving and got the job as a second driver in the family of landlord. The protagonist had only one dream to drive Honda City, but senior driver Ram Prasad was the driver of Honda City, so he got Maruti Zen. Ashok the elder son of the Landlord returns back to India after completing his education from America with a Christian girl Pinky Mam. Ashok and Pinky decided to live in Delhi. In the meantime the landlord came to know that actually their senior driver Ram Prasad who was living there as a Hindu actually was a Muslim. When Ram Prasad was exposed he ran away to Dhandad and in this way Balram got the opportunity to drive Honda City of his master Ashok.
                 Delhi corrupted Ashok because he learnt the trick how to take work from political leaders, ministers, brokers, police and judges. Once pinky Madam smashes a child while she is heavily drunk, but Balram is compelled to take the blame of this accident on himself. But there is a nexus with police and judges and the case is solved. So nothing happens to anyone. Thus the novel exposes the corruption in this country which is deeply rooted in the politics. Pinky Mam becomes tired of this system and returns back to New York without informing Ashok. Now Balram becomes puzzled, wanders here and there, and goes to paharganj, not far from the Imperial Hotel. He sees the life of the people lying on the floor of the station, dogs were sniffing at the garbage and then he thinks about his destination without the job of the driver. He describes to Mr. Premier about Delhi:
                Delhi is the capital of not one but two countries two Indias. The light and the darkness both flow in to Delhi. Gurgaon, where Mr. Ashok lived, in the end of the city, and this place, old Delhi, in the other end. Full of things that the modern world forgot all about rickshaws, old stone buildings, and stone buildings, and Muslims.
                          Slum becomes the topic of discussion during election months and rest of the months is only for the rich and the politicians. All these are facts, and the young writer Aravind Adiga dares to depict the real situation of dark India. This dark side to need light. His novel is fact not fiction. Attacking on the false commitment of politicians during election and daily problem of poor the author writes: “the election shows that the poor will not be ignored. The darkness will not be silent. There is no water in our taps, and what do you people in Delhi give us? You give us mobile phones. Can man drink phone when he is thirsty? Woman walks for miles very morning to find a bucket of clean water.”
                    India is developing but Bharat needs better education and facilities regarding the roles and rights. There is problem of population which needs revaluation. Poor India doesn’t care for the better education of their children. Adiga writes: ‘I don’t think so, sir. You know how those people in the Darkness are they have eight, nine, ten children’s sometimes they don’t know the names of their own children. While driving for Mr. Ashok, Balram becomes familiar with the ways of the great men, so he also wants to enjoy the freedom and start going to whores. He need money and one day murders his master, takes all his money and goes to Bangalore. In Bangalore he does the work of a taxi contractor. He becomes famous as Ashok Sharma. He says: “once I was a driver to a master, but now I am a master of drivers.”

                     There are two sides of anything the dark side and the bright side.  Adiga has tried to tell the story of the dark India. Fact is stronger than fiction. Every now and then, we read stories in newspapers which we find difficult to believe, but most of them are true. The fact is that our world is full of wonders and mysteries. Fiction is the result of facts. Literature mirrors society and this real picture of India is shown to us by Aravind Adiga. He writes:  India is dealing with great duality today. There are men with big belies and men with small bellies. It’s a metaphor to capture the duality of human existence in India today. The world needed to see the other side of India.”

                      Thus the writer narrates openly about the rich and the poor. Middle class is somehow away from the bad habits Men drink because they are sick of life. Once the saying “Honesty is the best policy “was applicable but in today’s world only honest man suffers. The writer says about police:  There is no end to things in India, as Mr.Ashok used to say. You can give the police all the brown envelop and red bags you want and they might still screw you. a man in a uniform may one day point a finger at me and say, Time’s up , Munna.
             Aravind Adiga writes candidly about Delhi police. He narrates to Mr. Jiabao, ‘The main thing to know about Delhi is that the roads are good, and the people are bad. The police are totally rotten. Balram says that if police sees anyone without a seat belt, one has to bribe them a hundreds rupees. Balram is a loyal son, so he works in a tea shop to help his father, but he also wants to make his life better and becomes a driver. Here he is also loyal towards his master, rather he worships his master, but the reward which he gets from his master, changes his attitude of life and he learn a new morality of modern life. He is forced to take the obligation of accident. Adiga says that the jails of Delhi are full of drivers who are there behind bars because they are taking the blame for their good solid middle class master. Democracy has no meaning for the poor. Balram had to take the obligation because he was loyal as a dog. He was the perfect servant. Adiga writes about the corruption in the judicial system: “The Judges? Wouldn’t they see through this confection? But they are in the racket too. They take their bribe; they ignore the discrepancies in the case. And life goes on.”
                   The writer is young and daring, he raised voice against the system and wrote openly about the corruption which is in the political thinking during last fifty years. They try to fool public. They promote the bribe system and train the poor innocent people like balram to get involved in this corruption. Balram in hope of better life learns this new morality. The writer describes about the honesty of the poor people, poor driver and their loyalty towards their masters. He says that the trustworthiness of servants is the basis of Indian economy: “master trust their servant with diamonds in this country its true. Every evening on the train out of Surat, where they run the world biggest diamond cutting and polishing business, the servants of diamond merchants are carrying suitcase full of cut diamonds that they have to give to someone in Mumbai. Why doesn’t that servant take the suitcase full of diamonds?  He is no Gandhi, he is human, he is you and me”. In this way Aravind Adiga has tried to tell a very real story, a tale of two Indias.

Work cited:
Eduardo, Lima. A TALE OF TWO INDIAS: THE WHITE TIGER. January 2010. 29 March 2018 <https://edessays.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/lima2010_review-the-white-tiger.pdf>.



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